Elektɔriki fɛnw ni mikrocircuitw tariku jiginni

Ɛntɛrinɛti fɛnw ni mikro-sɛrɛkiliw yiriwali tariku ye fɛɛrɛko ye min bɛ hadamadenw ka wuli-ka-bɔ-ɲɔgɔn na ka tɛmɛ farikolo dancɛw kan, ka tugu hakɛ fitininw ni baarakɛcogo sanfɛtaw kɔ. A bɔyɔrɔ bɛ se ka bɔ san kɛmɛ 20nan daminɛ na, waati min na fɛnɲɛnamafagalan (vacuum tube) dabɔli kɛra ɛntɛrinɛti minɛnw bangeli taamasyɛn ye. Fleming ye diode in dabɔ san 1904, o kɔfɛ De Forest ka triode ɲɛnabɔlen don san 1906, ka jusigilan sigi ɛntɛrinɛti kan ani taamasiyɛnw baaracogo la. Nka, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka bonya, u fanga ka ca, ani u ka nɔgɔn, o ye dɔnnikɛlaw bila ka fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw ɲini minnu bɛ se ka da u kan.

San kɛmɛ 20nan cɛmancɛ la, ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra semikɔndukirifɛnw na, olu ye fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya ɛntɛrinɛti fɛɛrɛbɔ la. San 1947, Shockley, Bardeen ani Brattain minnu bɛ Bell Labs la, olu ye transistor (transistor) dabɔ, o ye ko kura ye min kɛra sababu ye ka ɛntɛrinɛti minɛnw kɛ fɛn fitininw ye. O kɔfɛ, sɛrɛkili jɛlen (IC) hakilina fɔra u yɛrɛma Jack Kilby ni Robert Noyce fɛ san 1958, ka jago kɛ san 1959. Microcircuitw ye transistor caman fara ɲɔgɔn kan siliyɔmu puce kelen kan, o ye baara kɛcogo ɲɛ kosɛbɛ ani ka musakaw dɔgɔya.

San 1970w la, Moore ka sariya nali y’a jira ko transistor hakɛ bɛna bonya kosɛbɛ sɛrɛkiliw kan, o min ye mikroɛlektroniki fɛɛrɛ yiriwa teliya la. Ɲɛtaa minnu kɛra fototalan na, olu y’a to puwɛnti dilanni taabolo sera ka bɔ mikron na ka taa nanomɛtiri sɛgɛsɛgɛli la, o kɛra sababu ye ka mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka ɔridinatɛriw, telefɔni selilɛriw ani ɛntɛrinɛti wuli. Ni an donna san kɛmɛ 21nan na, fɛn kuraw i n’a fɔ karɔbɔni nanotubuw, fɛn fila-fɛn (i n’a fɔ grafɛnɛ), ani quantum dots, olu bɛ ka ɲinini kɛ ɛntɛrinɛti minɛn nataw kama, k’a sɔrɔ 3D pakew ni hɛtɛrojɛni jɛ-ka-baara fɛɛrɛw ye mikro-circuitw ka baarakɛcogo dancɛw gɛlɛya ka t’a fɛ.

K’a ta tubabukan na ka taa a bila puce nanoscale la, ɛntɛrinɛti fɛnw ni mikro-circuitw jiginni ma bi fɛɛrɛ kuraw cogoya sɛmɛntiya dɔrɔn, nka a ye nɔba bila fana an ka baara kɛcogo n’a ka ɲɛnamaya kɛcogo la. Don nataw la, ni ɲɛtaa bɛ senna fɛn dilanni dɔnniya ni fɛn dilanni fɛɛrɛw la, ɛntɛrinɛti minɛnw bɛna taa a fɛ ka taa ɲɛ ka ɲɛsin baarakɛcogo ɲuman ni hakilitigiya ma.